Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: The effect of  low- frequency electromagnetic waves on motor activity and brain tissue motor area in rats was investigated.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was designated as the control group, and experimental groups received 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz waves, with an intensity of 2, 1, and 20 watts per kilogram, 4 hours per day for one month respectively. Behavioral evaluation of open field test and histomorphometric evaluation of cortical thickness and count of internal pyramidal cells were determined.
Results: The results showed that low- frequency electromagnetic waves significantly reduced the distance traveled and the time spent in the central open field test area of the experimental groups compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.05). The number of neurons in the inner pyramidal layer and the thickness of the cortical thickness of the frontal lobe showed a significant decrease in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: Low- frequency electromagnetic waves increased anxiety and decreased motor activity in the behavioral tests with a histomorphometric change of frontal cortex in the experimental groups.
 

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of the antioxidant gene of the nuclear factor Erythroid 2 related to factor 2 (Nrf2) and sperm quality in asthenoteratozoospermia men.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the University Jihad Infertility Treatment Center in Qom, Iran. In this study, 50 infertile with asthenoteratozoospermia and 50 fertile individuals were enrolled as the control group. Sperm parameters were evaluated according to WHO (2010). Sperm DNA fragmentation, Nrf2 gene expression, and antioxidant enzyme levels were assessed with TUNEL, RT-PCR, and ELISA kits, respectively. The significance level was considered to be p < 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the expression level of the NRF2 gene in patients with asthenoteratozoospermia was lower than the control group (P <0.05). The quality of sperm parameters and the level of antioxidant enzymes were lower than the control group (P <0.05). A Significant association was observed between gene expression of Nrf2 gene, sperm parameters and levels of antioxidant enzymes (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings show that mRNA NRF2 expression is significantly associated with the quality of sperm parameters in asthenoteratozoospermia men. This suggests that NRF2 is important for spermatogenesis and may serve as a useful indicator in the diagnosis of male infertility.
 

Abstract Aim: In this study, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles, as nanoparticles that are the most widely used in industry, on the morphological, and anatomical and biochemical properties of the baby sun rose Aptenia cordifolia was studied by method of spraying in four different concentrations.
Material and Methods: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were sprayed on the baby sun rose plant twice a week. Growth parameters and chlorophyll content, phenol and flavonoids were measured. To study the anatomical structure of the plant; manual cutting, composite staining and Stomatal count were performed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software and the Duncan test.
Results: Treatment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles significantly increased photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll a and b in the treated plants. The highest amount of phenol and flavonoids in the fourth leaf was related to the plant treated with 0.05% titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also, the treatment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased the vascular diameter in the root and decreased the vascular diameter in the stem of some treatments.
Conclusion: The different morphological, biochemical, and anatomical responses of the baby sun rose to indicate the plant's genetic potential for growth in an environment contaminated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
 

Abstract Aim: This study was investigated, the effect of foliar application of different levels of putrescine on physiological, biochemical traits, and essential oil content of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) under drought stress.
Material and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. The first factor was drought stress at three levels (75, 50, and 25% of field capacity) and the second factor was putrescine foliar application at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM). Four seedlings were planted in each pot. Stress was applied when the plants reached a height of about 25 cm. Putrescine was sprayed one week before flowering and every 7 days until the 80% flowering stage.
Results: The results showed that 2 mM foliar application of putrescine was more effective than other concentrations and was able to greatly reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on this plant. With the increasing drought, antioxidant activity, total phenol, proline, and electrolyte leakage also increased, and in contrast, the relative content of leaf water, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble protein decreased. Drought also increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the amount of malondialdehyde in this plant. With increasing drought stress up to 50% of field capacity and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine, the essential oil content of Mexican marigold increased, while under severe stress (25% of field capacity) is decreased. Putrescine decreased by inducing drought resistance. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the amount of malondialdehyde.
Conclusion: The use of putrescine induced resistance to drought stress in Mexican marigold, and the use of a concentration of 2 mM can be effective and recommended.
 
 
 

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to access the rapid and improved propagation protocol production of Zamifolia plant using tissue culture.
Material and Methods: For callus formation and regeneration, two independent factorial experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in the tissue culture laboratory of the National Research Institute of Flowers and Ornamental Plants in 2018. In the first experiment, to induce callogenesis, 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/l) and BA (0, 1 and 2 mg/l) were used. In the second experiment, or regeneration of explants, NAA (0 and 0.5 mg/l) and BA (0, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) were applied.
Results: The results of the callogenesis experiment showed that a modified basal MS medium with concentration of 2 mg/l BA and 1 mg /l 2,4-D produced the best callus with 85% regeneration. At the regeneration stage of the callus, 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg NAA produced the highest number of seedlings and regenerated tubers (90%). Subsequently, single tuber seedlings were successfully adapted to 80%-90% in the cocopeat and perlite substrates.
Conclusion: The results were successful and could be possible to achieve the callogenesis and regeneration of Zamifolia plant with the formula presented and recommend as practical a protocol for commercial micropropagation of this valuable ornamental plant.
 

Abstract Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of adding different levels of garlic extract as an antioxidant to diluent on the semen characteristics of Arabi rams under liquid conditions at 5°C.
Material and Methods: Semen samples were collected from 12 Arabi rams weekly for 8 weeks and their semen was immediately mixed, diluted, and divided into the number of experimental treatments and received different levels of garlic extract. Treatments included garlic extract levels (zero, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μl/ml). At different storage times of diluted semen containing experimental treatments (zero, 24, 48, and 72 hours), semen quality parameters were evaluated.
Results: At time zero (immediately after sperm collection and addition of garlic extract), sperm quality parameters in experimental treatments were not statistically significant compared to the control. At 24 hours, 50 μl/ml of garlic extract improved the spermatozoa progressive motility of total motility rates, but 200 μl/ml of extract reduced the total motility of sperm (p < 0.05). At 48 hours, the highest sperm viability was related to the level of 50 μl/ml garlic extracts (p < 0.05). 72 hours after semen collection, the highest progressive motility of spermatozoa was observed at the level of 50 μl/ml garlic extracts (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde concentration of seminal plasma as an indicator of peroxidation was not affected by experimental treatments.
Conclusion: In general, sperm quality parameters were improved by adding 50 μg/ml garlic extract to the semen diluent of Arabian rams and storage the diluted semen in liquid condition at 5°C.