Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of chitosan on phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid content, and  key genes expression involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds in Melissa officinalis L. cell suspension culture.
Material and Methods: A combination of NAA (1mg L^-1), 2, 4-D (1mg L^-1), and kinetin (0.5 mg L^-1) and stem explants were used for callus induction. After initiation of cell suspension culture, chitosan treatment (0, 50, and100 mg L^-1) was performed for one, three, and five days in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, soluble protein, phenolic compound, and rosmarinic acid content were measured. Also, the expressionof phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) genes was evaluated by real-time PCR.
Results: PAL activity at 50 mg L^-1 chitosan showed the highest increase after three days of treatment, which was accompanied by an increase in phenolic compounds. The relative expression of the PAL gene at 50 mg L^-1 chitosan increased 2.5 fold at three days after treatment compared to control. This increase in the expression of the PAL gene resulted in an increase in enzyme activity. However, the highest increase in expression of the RAS gene was observed at 100 mg L^-1 chitosan in five days after treatment, which led to an increase in rosmarinic acid content.
Conclusion: According to the results, chitosan treatment is recommended to increase of rosmarinic acid content in lemon balm cell culture for five days.
 

Abstract Aim: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the amount of lung tissue damage in trained rats due to biological silver nanoparticles.
Material and Methods: 30 male rats were divided into 6 groups of healthy control, nano-silver, aerobic training, anaerobic training, nano-silver + aerobic training, nano-silver + anaerobic training. First, the training groups trained with the aerobic and anaerobic protocol for 10 weeks. Then, intraperitoneal injection of silver nanoparticles was injected 5 times per 10% of the  bodyweight of each rat, and 48 hours after the last injection, the rats were anesthetized and sampled. The samples were photographed and studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining with a light microscope.
Results: The results showed that anaerobic exercise was significantly effective in weight loss in rats (p = 0.045). Also, oxygen consumption increased in all groups except the group receiving nano-silver compared to the control group (p = 0.000). Injection of biological nano-silver also caused inflammation and hyperemia in the lung tissue of untrained rats. However, in the anaerobic training group, inflammation and hyperemia were less than in the aerobic group.
Conclusion: It seems that injection of biologically produced silver nanoparticles causes structural complications in the lung tissue of male Wistar rats. Also, the results of the present study showed that anaerobic pre-conditioning is more beneficial than aerobic in reducing these effects.
 

Abstract Aim: we aimed at presenting a simple and efficient method for isolating and characterizing the neural crest cells.
Material and Methods: The hen’s fertilized eggs were incubated for about 35h at 38°c and 55-60% humidity until the embryos reached to stages 10-12 according to Hamburger-Hamilton developmental stage table. Then the embryos were removed from the egg’s yolk and the neural tube was isolated and cultured for 24 h in a tissue culture dish to release neural crest cell. Then after, the neural tube was removed and allowed to NCC to expand for further 5 days. Finally, the cells were collected and subjected to PCR to study their gene expression profile.
Results: The neural tube released NCC and these cells proliferated in culture condition. They also expressed markers including Slug, Sox9 ,and Sox10 by the RT-PCR method.
Conclusion: The neural tube can release NCC in culture condition and these cells can proliferate in the presence of an appropriate medium.
 

Abstract Aim: This research aimed to study the anticancer effects of nano-selenium oxide-enriched Saccharomyces bullardi on DMBA-induced breast cancer cells in rats.
Material and Methods: In order to induce cancer, the carcinogen with a concentration of 60 mg/kg was injected into the left breast nipple of the female rats. When the tumors grew to about 10 mm, the cancerous tumor was isolated from the breast of the animals and used to make tissue sections and individual cells. Cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of S. boulardi suspension and nano-selenium oxide-enriched S. boulardi. The cytotoxicity assay was performed with two methods of MTT and Trypan blue staining.
Results: Comparison between two cell groups treated with S. boulardii and nano-selenium oxide-enriched S. boulardi using two tests, it was found that there were significant changes in cancer cells viability in both 0.5,1 µg/ml concentrations. with increasing the concentration, the cancer cell viability was significantly decreased. cell viability in the cell line treated with nano-selenium oxide-enriched S. boulardi yeast, with the increase in the concentration of enriched yeast was decreased. A comparison between the yeast and enriched yeast in different concentrations, revealed that there was a significant difference between cytotoxicity effects of them on the cells.
Conclusion: Probiotic yeasts could be an appropriate candidate for the treatment of some diseases including cancers, especially when combined with selenium compounds.
 

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the expression levels of LncRNA CRNDE in malignant colorectal tumorsand adjacent normal tissues of patients by Real Time-PCR.
Material and Methods: 20 pairs of colorectal tumors and adjacent normal tissue specimens were prepared from the tumor bank of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After total RNA extraction from cancerous and normal tissues, cDNA was synthesized, and the expression levels of LncRNA CRNDE were examined using the Real Time-PCR method. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD test used for statistical analysis of results.
Results: The results showed a two-fold increase in LncRNA CRNDE expression in all 20 colorectal cancer samples compared with the normal cells.
Conclusion: According to the significant increase of the LncRNA CRNDE expression in cancer cells relative to normal cells and its presence in the bloodstream, this LncRNA maybe used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer.
 

Abstract Aim: This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of yarrow leaves and flowers on the survival of three cancer cell lines namely; HELA, CAOV, MCF7, for the possibile production of inexpensive drugs without side effects.
Material and Methods: After incubation of cancer cell liners 48 hours, cell suspension was prepared and distributed with cells at different concentration in culture medium for 24 hours. Then Achilleawilhelmsii leaf and flower extract were prepared and sterilized. Consecutive dilutions of 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 mg / ml were prepared and added to each well containing cell suspension and placed in an incubator. The plates were examined microscopically after 48 hours and light absorption was determined after MTT assay.
Results: The results showed that in MCF7 with 0.4 mg / ml; CAOV, and HELA cancer cell lines, the lowest cell survival rate was observed at the concentration of 6.4 mg / ml leaf extraction. In comparison, the highest anti-cancer effect of yarrow flower extract on three cancer cell lines was recorded in MCF7 cancer cells at a concentration of 6.4 mg / ml, while in HELA cancer cell line the lowest cell survival ware observed at the concentration of 6.4 mg / ml in a 72-hour treatment.
Conclusion: According to the results, yarrow flower and leaf extract treatment is recommended to decrease of three cancer cell lines survival.