Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an importance public health problem affecting more than 285 million people in the world. According to the World Health Organization, about 2 million Iranian people had diabetes in 2000. It is expected that the affected people by diabetes mellitus type 2 will be increased from 2 million people to 6.4 in 2030. Sporting exercises play a critical role in prevention and control of diabetes type 2. Since physical activity has been shown to protect against the diabetes type 2 development, so suitable sporting programs have to incorporated into the clinical care system of high risk people for diabetes type 2. In this paper the pathophysiological pathways of diabetes type 2 is briefly reviewed. Then training therapy benefits effects with more details on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk profile in diabetes type 2 is investigated with recommendations for participation in sporting programs.
 

Abstract Aim: Plant growth regulators are able to change the physiological process. Aim of this study is studies of gibberellin (GA3) effects on soluble proteins and root and leaf protein banding profile of short stem Ri T-DNA carrier transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. plant in comprising with control.
Material and Methods: First, transformation of tobacco plant cv. Wisconsin was confirmed using PCR technique. Then transgenic and non transgenic plants were treated with 0, .2 .4 mg/l GA3 in MS media under in vitro culture for 4 weeks. Soluble proteins as well as SDS PAGE of root and leaves from transgenic and non transgenic plants treated with GA3 were investigated.
Results: Transformation in transgenic plant was confirmed using GUS primers. Assessment of roots and leaves protein of transgenic and non transgenic treated with different concentrations of GA3 revealed that exogenous GA3 had significant impact on increasing of total root protein of root and leaf in both transgenic and non transgenic plants. Also GA3 increased the number of protein bands in electrophoresis pattern.
Conclusion: It is believed that exogenous GA has an impact on root and leaf protein synthesis through transcription and translation processes and also inhibited the activity of protein degradation enzymes.
 

Abstract Aim: Lizards are one of the most diverse and successful vertebrates in hot deserts of the world that biologists focus on their reproduction and gametogenesis.
Materials and Methods: This research is experimental study and the aim of that is to investigation of spermatogenesis steps and sperm production limit identification belongs spring three months. 10 male lizards (Laudakia Caucasia, Syn: Stellio caucasicus: Agamidae) were collected at the end of each month. After determination and morphological studies, their testes were dissected of animal body and prepared for histological studies using light microscopy. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < /em><0.05).
Results: Results showed that the spermatogenesis is started in the lizard from beginnings April and is gradually activated more with warming weather, As maximum spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa production were observed in the end of June.
Conclusion: Based on histological evidences, spermatogenesis step is activated from early spring and is continued to the late of spring. Maximum sperm production is in June.
 

Abstract Aim: As there is not any comprehensive studies on cartilage tissue in Persian sturgeons and this valuable species is native in south coast of the Caspian Sea, in this reserch light and electron microscopic study of cartilage tissue of dorsal fin were provided to use in other related studies. Material and Methods: The routine procedures of preparation of tissues were followed for light microscopic study. Paraffin blocks were cut with a thickness of 6 microns, stained with H&E. For transmission electron microscopic study the samples after primary and post-fixation, were dehydrated and embedded in resin. Then, ultrathin sections of 50 nm were stained with uranyl acetate. Results: Light microscopic results showed that cartilage tissue of dorsal fin is made of prichondrium, chondroblast and chondrocyte and a large number of mature cells have the same origin and common lacunae. In ultrastructural studies chondroblasts have more aggregation of inter cellular organelles than the chondrocytes. This finding was prominent in upper age but membrane of cartilage tissue was not smooth in all age. Conclusion: Light and transmission electron microscopic studies of cartilage tissue of dorsal fin in Persian sturgeons were similar to the other species but a little difference were seen to be reported.    

Abstract Aim: This study is examination skin wound healing after using of lotus corniculatus L. aerial part extract in comparison with Phenytoin ointment in rat.
Materials and methods: After anesthesia of 80 Wistar male rats, a rectangular wound was produced at back each of which. Healing woud steps was studied in 8 treated groups: control (A), 1% Phenytoin cream (B), 10% extract ointment (C), 20% extract ointment (D), 40% extract ointment (E), 1% Phenytoin cream + 10% extract ointment (F), 1% Phenytoin cream +20% extract ointment (G), 1% Phenytoin + 40% extract ointment (H). Medication and measuring wounds were done using digital images analysis for 21 days. Samples were collected from wound healing sites for microscopy after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Wound healing was determined for all of treated groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS18.
Results: Healed wound area mean in E and H groups was lower than comparing to other groups (p < 0.01). Also based on histopathological results, E and H groups showed more healing wound in comparison with other groups.
Conclusion: According to anti-inflammation, anti-microbial and healing effects of Lotus corniculatus in comparison with 1% Phenytoin, it is believed that the plant compounds are more effective in full thick skin wound healing.
 

Abstract Aim: Since induction of apoptosis is an important strategy in cancer treatment, many attempts are in program to find new apoptotic inducer agents. Hence, ether soluble metabolites from Iranian native bacteria, Streptomyces sp. ABRIINW 111, were isolated and anti-cancer activity of these metabolites was studied using human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells.
 Materials and methods: K562 cells were treated by various concentrations of these metabolites for 12- 72 h. Trypan blue exclusion test and DNA fragmentation assay were used to study growth inhibition and apoptosis occurrence, respectively.
Results: Ether soluble metabolites induced growth inhibition in K562 cells in a concentration- and time- dependent manner. IC50 values after 24 and 48 h treatment were 1000 and 400 ng/ml, respectively. Moreover, these metabolites caused significant decrease in K562 cells viability              (P < 0.05). Light microscopy and DNA fragmentation assay results showed apoptosis induction in treated cell.
Conclusion: According to apoptosis deficient and drug resistance in cancer cells, identification of new apoptosis inducers such as ether soluble metabolites could be helpful in more investigations in cancer treatment.
 

Abstract Aim: Plants face many stresses in nature and have different defense mechanisms against stress. Rice is a cold sensitive plant and its product considerably decreases under cold stress. Since rice is an important crop, recognizing the tolerant cultivar and their defense mechanism against low temperature seems necessary.
Materials and Methods: In the present study anatomic and morphological features of tolerant (Onda) and sensitive (Nemat) rice varieties were studied at the germination phase under low (10, 15^°C) and room temperature (25^°C) for a period of of 8 days.
Results: Results show that dry weight, length of the hypocotyl and radicle of both Onda and Nemat cultivars under stress were decreased. The decrease was greater in the Nemat cultivar than the Onda cultivar. In addition, anatomic features of both cultivars under cold stress underwent some changes including increase of thickness of suberin layers and decrease of the amount of aeranchyma tissues.
Conclusion: Changes observed in the two varieties of rice were towards increasing resistance to low temperature stress. The Onda variety had a more suitable defense mechanism compared to the Nemat variety.
 
 

Abstract Aim: Regarding economic, medicinal, food and decorative importance of Artemisia genus,this study was carried out to determination of intraspecific diversity in the Artemisia incana populations collected from East Azerbaijan. 
Materials and methods: To study of intraspecific diversity in A. incana in East-Azerbaijan D.S.S. method was used. Six special habitats of this population were recognized. Seeds of populations as well asand floristic-ecologic data were collected from each special habitat. Seed storage proteins were subjected for electrophoresis studies.
Results:  In survey of all special habitats, 54 species were distinguished as associated species. Analysis of floristic data (Floristic compositions of each special habitat as floristic marker) led to identification of 4 separate groups that was indicated the existence of intraspecific diversity in this species. Analysis of ecologic data was also confirmed the groupment. The analysis of seed storage protein electrophoresis banding pattern showed three quite obvious groups.
Conclusion: In the survey of electrophoresis pattern, existence of differences regarding number and density of the protein bands indicating existence of intraspecific diversity in the populations of           A. incana. Therefore in this species, the grouping that introduced with floristic marker, confirmed also with ecological and electrophoresis markers. This means that floristic grouping can only be used as a cost-effective and efficient method for studying of intraspecific diversity.