Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the most important and widespread type of cancer in women's population.
Aim:This study was conducted to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles conjugated with gingerol (ZnO@CPTMS-Gingerol) and evaluate their anticancer effects on breast cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: To synthesize ZnO@CPTMS-Gingerol nanoparticles, one gram of ZnO@CPTMS nanoparticles was dispersed in 30 ml of dry toluene. One gram of gingerol and 10 ml of triethylamine were added to the reaction mixture and refluxed for 24 hours. The product was washed twice with a mixture of distilled water and ethanol (1:1), and the final product was dried at 100°C for 24 hours. Physicochemical properties of ZnO@CPTMS-Gingerol nanoparticles were studied by FT-IR, XRD, DLS, EDS, zeta potential measurement, and electron microscope imaging. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of ZnO@CPTMS-Gingerol nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HEK293, as normal cells, were evaluated by the MTT test. To perform this experiment, cells were prepared in 96-well cell culture plates with a density of 104 cells/well, and then were treated with concentrations of 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 μg/mL of ZnO@CPTMS-Gingerol. After incubating the cells for 24 hours at 37°C, 0.2 ml of MTT solution was added to each well. The wells without nanoparticles treatment were considered as controls. After incubation for 4 hours, the supernatant was removed, and 100 μl of DMSO solution was added to each well. After pipetting, the optical density was read at 570 nm using an ELISA Reader. To determine the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells, 5x10⁵ cells were treated with ZnO@CPTMS-Gingerol nanoparticles for 24 hours with half inhibitory concentration (IC50). Then, the treated and control cells were stained with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) dyes. Finally, cell analysis was done by a flow cytometer. Data analysis was done using device software and dividing the points recorded in the two-dimensional curve into four regions including Q1 to Q4. The experiments were performed in three replicates, and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis including t-tests, and one-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS. A p

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptotic effect of the alcoholic extract of black seed on HL-60 cancer cells.
Material and Methods: In this study, concentrations of 350, 650, 950 and 1250 µgml
^-1
of Nigella sativa alcoholic extract were added to HL-60 cancer cells for 24 h. MTT assay was applied to find out the portion of living cells. Likewise, PI staining for flow cytometry was performed to determine whether black seed extract inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 cells by modulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis, then AO/EB staining of HL-60 cells was performed to detect apoptosis and necrosis patterns. 
Results: MTT assay showed that in comparison with the control group, alcoholic extract of black seed killed 50% of HL-60 cell in the concentration of 650 µgml
^-1
and based on the concentration, more cell death was caused at the higher concentration. Also, a substantial increase in G0/G1 phase cells was observed from 15. 2% in the control group, up to 51. 65% in the group was treated with 650 µgml
^-1
. It was also found that the concentration of 650 µgml
^-1
induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, while at higher concentrations of 950 and 1250 µgml
^-1
caused HL-60 cells necrosis compared to the control group.
 
 

Abstract Aim: Electromagnetic field as a physical stimulus, willingly or unwillingly are affected cellular processes. In this study morphology changing and proliferation rate of mesenchymal stem cells were investigated in presence of electromagnetic field (EMF) and nitric oxide (NO). Material and methods: The stromal stem cells were isolated from the Rat bone marrow and incubated. After several passages of the harvested cells, Deta-NO as a donor of nitric oxide was then added to cell culture. These cells were also treated by EMF (50 Hz and 20 mT). The MTT test was used for estimating proliferation rate of the cells. To estimate the proportion of the cell line in different phases of cell cycle due to treatment with NO and EMF, cellular DNA contents were measured by flow cytometry. Result: The results demonstrated decreasing proliferation rate of the stem cells exposed with EMF and NO compared with the control group. We found that the rate of decrease is highly related to the concentration of NO. The double treatment of EMF and nitric oxide was yielded to an obvious arrest in the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Nitric oxide associated with EMF also changed the cell morphology and increased the cell motilities. Conclusion: The changing of cell morphology and reduction of proliferation rate of the stem cell can be considered as a symptom showing the beginning of cell differentiation.

Abstract Aim: Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal inflammatory diseases. The function of appendix is not clearly defined. In this study to understand the immunological function of the appendix, we investigated the function and phenotypic pattern of lymphocyte in appendix of patients with normal and inflamed appendix tissue.
Material and Methods: Appendix tissue and appendiceal mononuclear cells obtained from 81 patients (mean age; 23±10.5), who was clinicallysuspected of having appendicitis were collected. Based on histopathological examination, twenty-five patients had normal appendix while 40 and 16 were diagnosed with suppurative and gangrene appendicitis, respectively. The phenotypic characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in appendix was analyzed using three color-flow cytometry. In addition, the proliferative response of tissue mononuclear cells was assayed by MTT method.
Results: A significant difference (p < 0. 01) was observed  in the percentage of CD19/HLA-DR, HLA-DR and CD19 cellsfrom patients suffering from suppurative appendicitis in comparison with the patients having normal appendix or gangrene one.  There was also a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the proliferative responses of the appendiceal mononuclear cells to PHA and LPS from pathients with suppurative appendicitis when compare with other groups.
Conclusion: The phenotypic and function of lymphocytes are different between normal and inflamed appendix tissue. These results showed that the appendix tissue with special lymphocyte profile may be effective in preventing or reducing intestinal infections.
 

Abstract Aim: Researchers have made considerable efforts to determine the significance of particular ABO antigens to diseases susceptibility such as cancer and infections. O blood group people have a higher risk than other blood groups for catching cholera. Thus relationship between ABO blood groups and catching disease is unknown remained. The aim of this study is to determine the lymphocyte phenotypic profile in ABO blood groups.
Material and Methods: Peripheral blood samples collected from forty health male people with different ABO blood groups (each group=10). All of studied people were in 18-25 years old ranges and had a closely similar genetic background. The samples were studied using a FACSort flow cytometr for determination of CD3+T-lymphocytes phenotype and their subsets CD4+, CD8+ and Treg cells (CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+), CD19+ B-lymphocytes and their subsets CD5+ and CD5‾ B cells.
Results: There were no significant differences in the frequency of examined lymphocyte subpopulations (CD8+ and Treg lymphocytes, and B- lymphocyte subsets) between the ABO blood groups. But, the CD4+ T lymphocytes percentage in B blood group was higher than other groups (p < /em>=0.05).
Conclusion: High frequency of CD4+T lymphocytes in B blood group may be reduced catching some disease such as bacterial and parasitic infections.