Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Cryopreservation is the most effective method for long-term maintenance of sperm. There are several procedures for freeze-thawing of semen and each may impose damage on sperm function, viability and finally decreases semen quality and fertility potential. In addition to decreased percentage of sperm viability and motility after freeze-thawing, percentage of DNA damage is also increases due to high level of oxidative stress. To minimize these damages, we need to increase our insights regarding different cryopreservation procedures, cryoprotectant and antioxidant supplements, which can protect sperm membrane during cryopreservation. Therefore, by using these experiments, we can improve the efficiency of these procedures. In this review, we discuss about principles of cryopreservation, types of freeze-thawing methods, advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods, effects of freezing on sperm parameters and clinical outcomes, and finally role of antioxidants in preservation of sperm integrity during freeze-thawing. For this review, all relevant information was collected via databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar during the period of 1966-2017.
 

Abstract Aim: Varicocele is the most common causes of male sterility that is caused progressive testicular damage over time. In this study sperm parameters and their DNA integrity was compared in varicocele and fertile people.
Material and Methods: The study performed on 55 grades II and III Varicocele people and 25 fertiles. Semen parameters (sperm count, motility and morphology) and sperm DNA health were assessed using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling). Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Result: Varicoceles semen parameters consist of sperm count, motility and morphology had significantly low quality in comparison with fertile people. Also damaged DNA sperms percentage of Varicocele people (14.34%±1.43) was significantly increased compared to fertile people (9.2%±1.36). Sperm parameters and DNA damage percentage correlation showed that there is a reversed correlation between DNA damage percentage and sperm density and significant and positive correlations with sperm abnormal morphology.
Conclusion: Testicular temperature increasing in Varicocele people, caused to low quality of sperm parameters and also high sperm DNA damages. Therefore, Varicocele people are confronted with spermatogenesis process deficiency.