Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Introduction: Natural plants have attracted increasing attention in biomedical research due to their numerous benefits. Vesicles derived from plant exosomes, which are some plant components, are small nanoscale vesicles secreted by plant cells. Throughout history, plants have shown beneficial effects on human health with minimal toxicity by providing biological materials. These natural materials have significant potential in the development of new drugs.
Aims: The aim of this study was to extract exosome from ginger, onion, lavender and lemon and investigate their antibacterial and antioxidant properties
Materials and methods: First, ginger, lavender. onion, and lemon were extracted using the aqueous method. Exosomes were extracted and purified using the ExosُُُSun kit and identified using the TEM technique. The antibacterial activity of these exosome and extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes was investigated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion. The antioxidant content of the extracts and exosomes was measured using the TAC total antioxidant capacity measurement kit
Discussion: The prevalence of serious infectious pathogens, including Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes, is causing a sharp increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. Also, the alarming increase in antibiotic resistance is a concern. Therefore, the above issues have prompted scientists to turn to a new approach to treatment. Throughout history, plants have shown beneficial effects on human health with minimal toxicity by obtaining biological materials. These natural materials have significant potential in the production of new drugs.
In this study, we extracted ginger exosomes with the ExoSun kit. the antimicrobial properties of extracted exosomes and extracts were measured by disk diffusion methods, MIC. Exosomes did not have antibacterial properties in ginger extract. in Lavender. antibacterial properties were not observed, but lemon extract had good antibacterial properties. In our study, Ginger exosomes did not affect E. coli, which was in accordance with Teng's research.In our study, lavender aqua extract had no effect on bacteria.
The MTT method was used to evaluate the possible cytotoxic effects of the extract The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MIBC) of Ginger extract for fungal strains (C. krusei and C. albicans) was higher than that of fluconazole and nystatin.
In our study, ginger extract had no effect on bacteria.
Plant extracellular vesicles (PEVs) have attracted increasing attention due to their rich composition, good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and drug delivery ability. Citrus, as a common fruit, is an ideal material for extracting PEVs due to the diversity and abundance of bioactive substances it contains.
In a study, citrus-derived extracellular vesicles (CEVs) were extracted from red mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. ‘Dahongpao’) and were found to contain high levels of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The high levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids indicate that CEVs have good chemical antioxidant properties.
In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties of extracted exosomes, which showed that lavender exosomes had higher antioxidant properties than other exosomes. Lavender extract also had higher antioxidant properties than other extracts. The antioxidant properties of lavender extract were higher than lavender exosomes.
Conclusion: The results showed that only lemon extract had antibacterial properties, and the exosomes of ginger, fenugreek, onion, and lemon had no antibacterial properties. In the antioxidant test, lavender exosome showed the highest capacity

Abstract Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its treatment is always associated with side effects such as drug resistance. So, there is a strong tendency for the identification of new herbal anti-cancer compounds.
Material and Methods: In this study, a range of 0.5-12 µg/mL of hydroalcoholic extract of Tamarindus indica kernel and 5-Fluorouracil was applied to prostate cancer (LNCaP), colon cancer (HT-29) and normal fibroblast (HSkMC) cells for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was measured by the MTT method. The rate of DNA synthesis and incidence of apoptosis was measured by BrdU and TUNEL assays, respectively.
Results: Following treatment with the highest amount of the extract, the viability of prostate, colon, and fibroblast cells was reduced to 4.8, 65.1, and 60.5%, respectively. The IC₅₀ for the three cell lines was 4.60, 17.0 and 13.79 μg/mL respectively. The rate of DNA synthesis also reduced by 32, 37 and 15% for prostate, colon and fibroblast cancer cells, respectively. The rate of apoptosis in LNCaP and HT-29 cells was 31 and 4%, respectively.
Conclusion: Collectively, the toxicity of the extract was higher for LNCaP cells than for the other two cells (p-value ˂0.01). Further studies in vivo and analysis of compounds in tamarind can lead to the identification of anti-cancer compounds from this plant.

Abstract Aim: Thepurpose of this study is the investigation of the effect of aqueous and ehanolic plant extracts including neem, clove, thyme and lavender on the increase storage life via decrease of reactive oxygen and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Material and methods: In this study, it was extracted of the neem, clove, thyme and lavender with aqueous and ehanolic solution, then the orange fruits was treated with 2×1000, 4×1000 and 6×1000 concentration of plant extract and chitosan and vax. The treated fruits were stored in the storage with 7C and 80-90% humidity. The enzyme activity and the related genes expression was evaluated per twenty days to 100 days in the orange fruits. In the other section of study, it was done the panel test.
Results: The results showed the activity of catalase was affected with plant extracts. The treated orange fruits with 6×1000 concentration of ethanolic lavender extract showed the least catalase activity, with 2.13; the least peroxidase activity was observed in the fruits treated with aqueous lavender extract with 6×1000 concentration. The ethanolic and aqueous of lavender extract affected on the catalase and peroxidase gene expression with 5.28 and 6.66 respectively.
Conclusion: the results of this study showed the extracts of neem, clove, thyme and lavender have highly effect on the plant physiology and they decreased the enzyme activity and the genes expression.