Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: The goal of the present research was evaluation of the effects of industrial area air pollution of Arak Aluminum Company on Robinia pseudoacacia (acacia) and tree-of-heaven anatomical changes.
Material and methods: Information from the Environmental Protection Agency of Markazi province, Aluminum park as the infected area and Haftad-Ghole in 35 kilometers of Arak as the area clean were used. Leaf samples of Robinia and Alianthus were harvested in August 2013 simultaneously. Density and length of trichomes, stomatal density and opening, length of the palisade cells and diameter of the spongy cells of leaf were measured. Data analysis were performed by SPSS 16 and Excel software and means comparison by T-Test.
Results: Under air pollution, trichome density in abaxial epidermis and trichome length in both surfaces of epidermis of acacia leaf increased significantly. Also in tree-of-heaven leaf, trichome density decreased and trichome length increased on abaxial epidermis significantly. Stomatal density on abaxial epidermis of acasia and tree-of-heaven leaves exposed to air pollution decreased and increased, respectively. Stomatal opening of Robinia and Ailanthus leaves had no significant effect. Length of the palisade cells of leaf in infected area decreased in acacia and increased in tree-of-heaven as compared with clean area, diameter of the spongy cells had no significant change in acacia leaf but decreased in tree-of-heaven leaf.
Conclusion: Results showed the anatomical changes in both plants for further compromise with regional air pollution.

Abstract Aim: In this study, effects of Rhizobium on alfalfa plant growth under the SO₂ pollution were evaluated
Material and methods: 35 days plants (non-inoculated and inoculated with native or standard Rhizobium) exposed to the different concentration of SO₂ (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2ppm) for 6 consecutive days for 2 hours per day.
Results: Results indicated significant decrease of Leaf area, stem length, root depth and fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root under high concentration of SO₂. Number of leaves at all concentrations showed no significant change. Inoculation of alfalfa with Rhizobium significantly reduced the negative effects of high concentration of SO₂. In this study, positive effects of native bacteria were impressive.
Conclusion: The results indicate the harmful effects of high concentrations of SO₂ pollution on growth of plants and the positive effects of bacterial inoculation on resistance to air SO₂ pollution stress.
 

Abstract Aim: Air pollution is a global problem that has negative effects on living organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water soluble fraction of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on some growth factors and scale of bean’s protein.
Material and methods: Bean plants were cultivated in experimental condition and sprayed with 30 ml of different concentrations of DEP (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 g/L) and control plants were sprayed with distilled water. Growth factors such as wet and dry weights, length of legume, legume dry weight, seed germination and leaf area in DEP-treated and the control groups were compared with SPSS software and variance analysis. Pollen and seed proteins were studied with electrophoresis method.
Results: DEP treatments caused to decrease wet weights of the all DEP-treated plants (P≤0.05), but the other factors (pod length, dry pod weight, pod weight, seed germination  and leaf surface) only in the treated group  with a 0.6 g/L DEP was significantly reduced. Seed protein profiles were similar in the experimental and control samples, but an increase in the density of a band with molecular mass of 62 kDa was observed in the group treated with 0.6 g/L of DEP. In protein profile of pollen, a band with molecular mass of 55 kDa was disappeared and a new band with molecular mass of 80 kDa was formed.
Conclusion: With the consideration of reported detrimental effects for DEP, it seems that the bean plants are resistant that can be related to changes in protein banding profiles and cellular mechanisms of DEP detoxification.