Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of royal jelly (RJ) and vitamin C (vit C) against PHZ-induced nephropathy in mice.
Material and Methods: Adult male mice were randomly divided into eight eight-membered groups. The PHZ was administered to four groups of mice at a dose of 60 mg/kg per 48 hours intraperitoneally for 35 days. Three of these groups received vit C (250 mg/kg per day) intraperitoneally, RJ (100 mg/kg per day) orally and vit C+RJ with same doses, four hours before PHZ administration, respectively. A vehicle-treated control group and vit C, RJ and vit C+RJ control groups were also included. Serum and renal tissue samples were collected 24 hours after the last treatment and subjected to biochemical and histological examinations, respectively. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan test for post hoc comparisons.
Results: The PHZ treatment caused a significant (P < 0.05) increased malondealdehyde concentration in serum, but decreased total antioxidant capacity of it. Moreover, PHZ significantly (p < 0.05) increased luminal diameter of proximal convoluted tubule, while decreased (p < 0.05) their epithelial cells height. Considerably, co-treatment of vit C and RJ improved all changes in the above-mentioned parameters.
Conclusion: The Vit C and RJ can minimize PHZ-induced nephropathy in mouse through oxidative reactions inhibition.

Abstract Aim:  In the present study we examine the effect of C. mass L. seed  extract on learning, memory and some serum parameters in alzheimer induced male mice. Material and Methods: 48 male mice weighing 25-30 gram divided into six groups including 1- Saline-Saline, 2-STZ-Saline, 3- STZ- Extract 25 mg/kg, 4- STZ-Extract 50 mg/kg, 5- STZ-Extract 75 mg/kg, 6- Saline- Effective dosages of Extract (50 mg/kg). For inducing Alzheimer's disease i.c.v. injection of Streptozotocine (3 mg/kg) was used and learning as well as memory was evaluated through passive avoidance test model. All groups received C.mas seed extract or saline intraperitoneally for 3­weeks. Then they entered into learning testes. Finally all animals were killed and blood was taken from right ventricle. Level of glucose, Triglyceride, and total cholestrole in serum were measured. Also during treatment period, weights of the mice were measured at beginning of each week. The data were analyzed using unilateral variance analysis and Tukey test or Analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: ICV administration of STZ significantly decreased memory (p < 0/0001). C. mas seed extract (50mg/kg) improved memory retrieval (p < 0/0001) and decreased glucose as well as triglyceride level significantly (p < 0/01), but didn’t have significant effect on total cholesterol (P>0.05). Reduction of mice weight was Significant (p < 0/01) only in 50 mg/kg dosage. Conclusion: It seems that C. mas seed extract improved memory in disorders neuronal damage such as Alzheimer's due to reduction of risk factors in the blood and adjustment of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism.

Abstract Aim: Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is a plant with many therapeutic effects. In this study the effect of aqueous extract of E. angustifolia fruit on Balb/C mouse embryo lens development was investigated.
Material and Methods: Thirty pregnant mice were randomly divided into two equal groups. Control group received drinking water daily and the experimental group received E. angustifolia fruit aqueous extract orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg from zero days to 18th day of pregnancy. After killing all of mice at 18th day gestation, their fetal heads were removed, fixed and processed for histological procedures. Fetal heads were sagitally sectioned at 5 µ thickness and then were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and acid fuchsin-light green techniques. Then sections were examined using a light microscope and Motic software.
Results: Results showed that weight and Crown-Rump length mean of fetuses significantly increased in experimental group compared to control. Mean number of fetuses in experimental group was no significant decreased in comparison with control. Means placenta weight and diameter significantly decreased in experimental group compared to control. Also antero-posterior and superior-inferior diameters of lens and lens surface area significantly decreased in experimental group in comparison with control.
Conclusion: These results indicate that using E. angustifolia fruit aqueous extract at 500 mg/kg dose in pregnancy during is caused delaying in mouse embryo lens development.
 

Abstract Aim: Due to the role of silver nanoparticles on elevation of reactive oxygen species, and high sensitivity of spermatozoa to these agents, it is possible that silver nanoparticles reduce the fertility potential of spermatozoa. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on sperm parameters and the concentration of reactive oxygen species in mouse serum and seminal fluid.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult male Syrian mice were divided into a control and three experimental groups. The experimental groups received silver nanoparticles orally at different doses (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ml orally) for 5 weeks. Then blood samples were taken from hearts to examine the Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration by spectrophotometry. In addition, to analyze the sperm parameter cauda epididymis was dissected and swim-out spermatozoa were analyzed.
Results: The 3rd experimental group (highest dose) significantly showed the lowest mean of sperm count (16±2.6), the lowest percentage of rapid progressive motile spermatozoa (18.16±5.45), the highest rates of abnormal spermatozoa (35.83±4.4) and the highest concentrations of MDA in serum and seminal plasma compared to the control and other experimental groups.
Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles as a factor which increase the effects of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in serum and seminal fluid caused reduction of sperm parameters.

Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate of berberry fruit extract in the sensitive period of pregnancy on growth and changes histomorfometric in fetal mouse liver.
Material and Methods: Twenty pregnant mice were equally divided into four groups: Control group did not receive any injection, Sham group received distilled water and experimental groups received berberry extract (4 and 40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on days 7, 8 and 9 of gestation. Female mice were killed on gestation day 18 and each fetus was removed and examined for external malformations. Histological studies were done on fetal liver.
Results: No significant differences in indicators of embryotoxicity were found among control, sham and 4 mg/kg groups. Our results showed administration of extract of berberry fruit to pregnant mice in the 40 mg/kg group could induce some malformation such as micromelia, spina bifida, subcutaneous hemorrhage, Placenta and fetal atrophy. Mean crown-rump length of fetuses and mean placental diameters of 40 mg/kg group was significantly decreased compared to control group. Histomorfometric study of liver tissue of fetuses revealed that mean total surface of hepatocytes significantly increasedin 40 mg/kg group compared to control group. However, liver sinosuids significantly decreasedin 40 mg/kg group compared to control group. Mean number of hepatocyte nuclei significantly increased in 40 mg/kg groups compared to control group.
Conclusion: It seems that administration of 40 mg/kg extract of beberry fruit to pregnant mice may because abnormalities in fetal growth and histological changes of fetal liver tissue.