Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: In the present study the effect of oxidative stress resulted from hydrogen peroxide on some secondary metabolites and changes on intra cellular hydrogen peroxide has been explored. Material and methods: To induction of callus Periwinkle leaf was sterilized and put on MS medium. Calluses were treated by different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 µM) of hydrogen peroxide for 6 days. Total alkaloid, phenolic components and felavonoids as well as antioxidant potential on the basis of Iron reduction were determined.  Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. Results: Addition of hydrogen peroxide resulted in significant (P≤0.05) increase of intra cellular hydrogen peroxide compared to the control. Total alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols content showed that hydrogen peroxide caused a significant increase (P Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide increased intra cellular levels of hydrogen peroxide. Secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and phenolic compounds and total flavonoid were boosted as well. Therefore tensions may be applied to increase them.

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bisphenol­ A on the cell viability, morphologic changes and induction of apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of an adult rat. Material and Methods: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted using flashing-out method. At the end of the third passage, cells were divided into 11 groups of control and experimental. Experimental cells were treated with the different doses of Bisphenol­ A (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 nM) for four periods of 5, 10, 15 and 21 days in the osteogenic media containing 10% of fetal bovine serum. The cell viability, DNA damage, expression of genes and the morphologic changes of the cells were then investigated during the procedure of osteogenesis. The study data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and T-Test setting the significant P value at p < strong>Results: Within Bisphenol­ A treated cells, the mean viability, the mean of nuclei diameter and the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene of the mesenchymal stem cells treated with Bisphenol­ A significantly decreased (p < 0.05), compared to the control group. In addition the DNA damage and the expression of apoptotic Bax gene of the cells treated with Bisphenol­ A significantly increased, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that BPA decreases cell viability and induces apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells, in a dose dependant manner.

Abstract Aim:Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is a medicinal plant as a result of which its medicinal compounds and alkaloids have been under a great consideration. Lead is one of the most common heavy metal contaminant in the environment. Induction of oxidative stress is a result of the presence of heavy metals in plant cells. Due to the problem of heavy metal pollution and the dangers of pollution to plant in this study, the effects of oxidative stress caused by the presence of lead on activity of antioxidant enzymes, level of prolin and alkaloid in callus grown on MS medium with different concentrations of lead were investigated.
Material and Methods: Catharanthus roseus seeds were planted in the vase containing Pearlite, then to induce callus, the leaves under the sterile condition were put on the solid MS culture media. Calluses were subcultured after three weeks, the calluses after two subculture were treated with different concentrations of lead nitrate (0, 10 and 50 μM). The activity of antioxidant enzymes and content of proline and alkaloid were assayed .Data analyzed at P ≤ 0.05 level using SPSS software.
Results: The results of this study showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and the level of proline and alkaloid as well as lipid peroxidation increased significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison  to control.
Conclusion: Due to induction of oxidative stress, lead was caused an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of malondialdehyde, alkaloid and proline.

Abstract Aim: In this study the effect of AlCl₃ toxicity on apoptosis in cells suspension of two rice cultivars Khazar, Tarom were investigated.
Material and Methods: In present research cells suspension of two rice cultivars (Khazar and Tarom) grew up in liquid Murashig and Skoog medium within a period of 3 weeks. Then cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120 µmolL^-1) of AlCl₃ for 56 hours. Biochemical changes of DNA by gel electrophoresis and TUNEL test and morphological changes by Hoechst and propidium iodide (PI) staining were investigated.  
Results: Results of gel electrophoresis and TUNEL test showed DNA damage in these cultivars. Results of Hoechst and PI dying also showed morphological changes such as: condensation of nucleus, membrane damage and shrinkage of cytoplasm.
Conclusion: AlCl₃ induced nuclear DNA damage and also morphological change in two cultivars of rice especially Tarom by increasing concentration after 56 hours of treats.
 

Abstract Aim: Myostatin gene or growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) which has been identified as the factor causing muscle doubling, undergoes a series of mutations that causes gene inactivation. In bovine the loss of gene activity has been associated with double- muscled phenotype.. Due to the role of myostatin gene in muscle development, the objective of this study was to analyze the coding region containing mutations which potentially altering the myostatin gene expression in Farahani sheep. Material and methods: DNA from blood samples of eighty six Farahani sheep was extracted and used to amplify a 337-bp fragment in myostatin gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the PCR product was performed by addition of enzyme and then PCR-RFLP genotypes were analyzed. Result: Genotype frequencies of MM, Mm and mm were characterized as 0.046, 0.127 and 0.827, respectively. In addition the allelic frequencies for alleles M and m was estimated as 0.11 and 0.89 respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the Farahani sheep was polymorphic for myostatin, but this population was not at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium.