Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: In this experimental study effect of grape seed extract on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in female Wistar rats, were assessed. Material and Methods: In this experimental study 30 rats were divided into 6 groups including control, the PCOS and four experimental groups. Four experimental groups were treated with intrapritoneal injection of grape seed extract (doses 50, 75, 100, 200 mg/kg for 10 days). Polycystic ovary was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate in adult rats. Ovaries of all groups were removed, fixed in Bouin’s fixative and 5 µm sections were stained using Hematoxylin–Eosin. Results: Results showed a significant decrease in the number of primordial, primary, preantral, Graafian follicles and corpus luteum in PCOS group with comparison with control (p < 0.05). Measuring granulosa layer and theca thickness, various follicles diameters and their numbers showed much improvement in treated PCOS groups with hydroalcoholic grape seed extract. Fifty and seventy five mg/kg doses were considered as effective doses. Conclusion: According to this study results, it can be concluded that hydroalcoholic grape seed extract can improve the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Abstract Aim: Aquaporin4 (AQP4) is the main water channel in the brain that has important role in water transport across blood- brain- barrier. It has been proved that intracranial pressure and also expression of AQP4 increase in some disorders such as Hydrocephalus, Hyponatremia, cytotoxic oedema and brain tumours and drugs that can decrease the expression of this AQP can offer some treatment for these disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether green tea extract (GTE) can down regulate the Aquaporin4 protein level in brain cortex.
Material and methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study. 40 Wister rats (4-6 weeks) were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: untreated control group, sham group treated intra peritoneally (IP) with 200 µl saline (solvent GTE), experimental1&2treated IP with 100& 200 mg/kg GTE dissolved in 200 µl saline. After 6 hours, expression of AQP4 in control, sham, and experimental groups were tested by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.
Result: Results from immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed that GTE can down regulate the AQP4 expression level on dose-dependent manner in brain cortex.
Conclusion: It is suggested that GTE has potential to reduce the level of AQP4 protein in brain cortex and it can be useful as a herbal medicine to reduce intracranial pressure in diseases such as hyponatremia, cytotoxic oedema, brain tumours and etc.

Abstract Aim: In this study the effect of vitreous humor on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and amniotic fluid to lens like cells was investigated.
Material and methods: Inthis experimental study collected stem cells from femurs bone marrow and inguinal fat pads of mature NMRI mice and amniotic fluid of 13 days embryos of NMRI mice were cultured. The mesenchymal character of these cells was proven by flow cytometry markers like CD90, CD31. This experiment took place for 14 days with different dosages 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 % of bovine vitreous humor. Express of crystalline markers were detected by immunocytochemistry in experimental and control groups.
Results: The flow cytometeric analyses of surface markers were shown expression of CD90 by bone marrow and amniotic fluid stem cells and adipose tissue stem cells (29/29%, 0/57%, 82%, respectively). Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells from these 3 sources had expression of CD31 (3/44%, 1/53%, 0/1%, respectively). Immunocytochemistry  results revealed that 40 % vitreous humor in culture media fluid more inducing effect on adipose and amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells and 15 % vitreous humor on bone marrow stem cells in order to differentiate.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that MSCs derived from all sources can differentiate into lens fiber like cells by inducing effect of vitreous humor.