Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: Mangifera indica is an evergreen tree belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, in Iran it is found in the Hormozgan and Baluchistan provinces. Till now, no research has been carried out regarding the structural characteristic and development of this species; therefore in the present study structure of vegetative organs and developmental characteristics of reproductive stages was investigated.
Material and Methods: The vegetative organs were cut and fixed in glycerin and ethanol. The young flowers and buds were sampled at different developmental stages. Samples were fixed in FAA and sliced using a microtome. Staining was carried out with Eosin and Haematoxylin.
Results: The primary and secondary structures of root, shoot, petiole, leaf, inflorescence axil and shoot apical meristem showed similarity to dicotyledons. Generative organs contained androecium with 5 stamens which one was reproductive while others were sterile. The anther had 2 parts and 4 pollen sacs. The tapetum layer was secretary type and pollens were three porated. The gynocecium had a carpel with one cameotropous ovule and one tegument. The placentation was of a basal type. The secretary tissues were seen in vegetative organs of the plant.
Conclusion: Base on the anatomical findings, we observed a characteristics similarity between this plants and other Angiosperms. With respect to the results of the developmental stages of reproductive organs new information for recognition of this plant was obtained.

Abstract Aim: Thymus transcaucasicus blongs to the family Lamiaceae. With respect to the importance of plant developmental stages in the expanding knowledge of biology, for this research Thymus transcaucasicus which has nutritional, medicinal and economical value was chosen.
Material and method: The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were collected from their natural habitats in Abali and Roodbar, fixed in FAA, stored in ethanol 70, embedded in paraffin wax and sliced with a microtom. Staining was carried out with Hematoxylin and Eosine. Microscopic study of pollens was carried out using asetolys, in order to investigate the pollen surface ornamentation we used scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and to compare the pollen proteins from Abali and Roodbar, electrophoresis and Bradford techniques were applied.
Results: Anther was having four sacs and its wall was made of four layers including: epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum layer. Tapetum was in secretive form. The pollen at the time of pollination had three nucleus and six colpus with reticulate Exin ornaments. The total amount of protein in Thymus transcaucasicus pollen collected from the Abali area was much more than protein extracted from pollen collected from Roodbar area.
Conclusion: Due to the results of this study, in the Thymus transcaucasicus anther wall with four layers and secretive tapetum was observed. The present research is the first study on development and protein content of Thymus transcaucasicu pollen.

Abstract Aim: Flower development is a mystery which provides a useful means for understanding cell differentiation and genetic mechanisms needed for organogenesis. In this study, the development of reproductive organs of Scrophularia striata was investigated. Material and Methods: The flowers were collected at different developmental stages, fixed in FAA, embedding in the paraffin wax and sliced using microtome after dehydration and then stained. Developmental stages of generative organs were studied and photographed using a light monitoring microscope. Results: The results indicated that after evolution of vegetative meristem to  reproductive meristem, bract and sepals primordium quickly formed. Primordium formation and evolution of petals and staminal were simultaneous. Evolution of sporogensis meristematic mass is done at the final stage. Ovaries, eggs, style and stigma had a rapid developmental stage. The anthers wall development was of tetrasporangiate type. The microspore's tetrads had tetrahedral ornamentations and mature pollen grains were of ellipse shape and tricolpate. Nurse’s cells have a long stability layer and are often mononuclear. The megaspore's tetrads had liner ornamentations. The ovules were of anatropous and placentation axis. Conclusion: Investigation showed that each flower has five sepals, five gamopetalus, four stamens, and dilocular gamocarpous pistil. The embryo sac development is of polygonum type.