Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: This study was investigated, the effect of foliar application of different levels of putrescine on physiological, biochemical traits, and essential oil content of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) under drought stress.
Material and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. The first factor was drought stress at three levels (75, 50, and 25% of field capacity) and the second factor was putrescine foliar application at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM). Four seedlings were planted in each pot. Stress was applied when the plants reached a height of about 25 cm. Putrescine was sprayed one week before flowering and every 7 days until the 80% flowering stage.
Results: The results showed that 2 mM foliar application of putrescine was more effective than other concentrations and was able to greatly reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on this plant. With the increasing drought, antioxidant activity, total phenol, proline, and electrolyte leakage also increased, and in contrast, the relative content of leaf water, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble protein decreased. Drought also increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the amount of malondialdehyde in this plant. With increasing drought stress up to 50% of field capacity and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine, the essential oil content of Mexican marigold increased, while under severe stress (25% of field capacity) is decreased. Putrescine decreased by inducing drought resistance. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the amount of malondialdehyde.
Conclusion: The use of putrescine induced resistance to drought stress in Mexican marigold, and the use of a concentration of 2 mM can be effective and recommended.
 
 
 

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inoculation of two species of mycorrhizal fungi on growth, colonization percentage, antioxidant enzymes activity, health and risk index of coriander under cadmium stress.
Material and methods: A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications in the research greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The first factor was cadmium nitrate at 4 levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg^-1 soil and the second factor was mycorrhiza application at 3 levels of non-inoculation, inoculation with Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices.
Results: The results showed that with increasing cadmium concentration in the soil, the shoot and total biomass of plant, leaf area, number of seeds, 1000 seeds weight, colonization percentage, soluble protein, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were significantly decreased in coriander. But malondialdehyde content, health and risk index increased. However, the use of mycorrhizal fungi reduced the harmful effects of cadmium in the plant. This resulted in a decrease of 47.1% of the risk and health index and 17.2% of malondialdehyde in the plant.
Conclusion: According to the findings, use of mycorrhizal fungi had a significant effect on the improving of harmful effects of cadmium in coriander, thus improved the risk and health index for consumers. Therefore, using mycorrhizal fungi as a management strategy in polluted areas with this heavy metal is 

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction effect of salinity stress and superabsorbent polymers on physiological traits of basil.
Material and methods: A pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four levels of salinity (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl in irrigation water) and four levels of superabsorbent polymers included (control, Ackoasorb, Stockosorb and Terracottem). The measured traits were soluble protein, antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde content and essential oil production.
Results: Antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase at first harvesting and high salinity (120 mM) under Ackoasorb, Terracottem, Terracottem and Ackoasorb usage decreased 52.68, 73.1, 68.07 and 75.35%, respectively, and also at second harvest at highest salinity level (80 mM) the activity of these enzymes under Ackoasorb, Terracottem, Ackoasorb, Terracottem and Terracottem decreased 37.6, 62.5, 46.38 43.06 and 38.47%, respectively.  With increasing salinity the essential oil production decreased and Tracheotem superabsorbent increase it. At first harvesting, a significant positive correlation was observed between malondialdehyde with guaiacol peroxidase (r = 0.751) and at second harvesting ascorbate peroxidase with protein (r = - 0.753) had a significant negative correlations, moreover, significant positive correlations were found between superoxide dismutase with guaiacol peroxidase (r = 0.848), malondialdehyde with guaiacol peroxidase (r = 0.789) and malondialdehyde with ascorbate peroxidase (r = 0.743).
Conclusion: The results showed that application of superabsorbents under salinity stress conditions could decrease the severity of this stress and thereby cause to decrease the antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde amount significantly, but increased the soluble protein and essential oil content.