Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Cryopreservation is the most effective method for long-term maintenance of sperm. There are several procedures for freeze-thawing of semen and each may impose damage on sperm function, viability and finally decreases semen quality and fertility potential. In addition to decreased percentage of sperm viability and motility after freeze-thawing, percentage of DNA damage is also increases due to high level of oxidative stress. To minimize these damages, we need to increase our insights regarding different cryopreservation procedures, cryoprotectant and antioxidant supplements, which can protect sperm membrane during cryopreservation. Therefore, by using these experiments, we can improve the efficiency of these procedures. In this review, we discuss about principles of cryopreservation, types of freeze-thawing methods, advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods, effects of freezing on sperm parameters and clinical outcomes, and finally role of antioxidants in preservation of sperm integrity during freeze-thawing. For this review, all relevant information was collected via databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar during the period of 1966-2017.
 

Abstract Aim: This study examines the sperm parameters (concentration, mobility and morphology) and the state of sperm DNA in infertile men exposed to various occupational exposures.
Material and Methods: This study was performed on 152 men who referred to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center )spring 2014 to autumn 2016( for diagnostic purposes. After an interview with all the participants, their semen samples were collected for assessment of sperm parameters and sperm chromatin health, based on the WHO protocol and the TUNEL method, respectively.
Results: The results showed that in men with prolonged sitting, high physiological activity and with exposure to chemical compounds, they had lower sperm motility and higher sperm DNA damage than the presented criteria by previous studies. In addition, in men with DNA damage higher than 10%, there was a significant decrease in sperm parameters.
Conclusion: Occupational exposure has negative effects on sperm parameters and sperm chromatin health, but more studies are needed to prove these results.

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to compare sperm parameters (concentration, motility and morphology), DNA damage, percentage and intensity of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and relationship between these parameters in the fertile and infertile men with varicocele.
Material and Methods: In this study, the semen samples from 83 individuals with varicocele and 32 fertile men were studied. Sperm parameters according WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines, protamine deficiency (chromomycin A3 staining), sperm DNA damage (TUNEL assay), percentage and intensity of ROS (DCFH-DA staining) were assessed in fertile and infertile men with varicocele.
Results: The results of this study showed that sperm concentration, percentage of motility and normal morphology were significantly lower in individuals with varicocele compared to fertile individuals. In addition, percentage of sperm DNA damage, protamine deficiency and ROS positive were significantly higher in infertile men with varicocele.
Conclusion: The increase of stress oxidative and testicular temperature in infertile men with varicocele, lead to decrease the quality of sperm parameters as well as negative effects on sperm chromatin integrity. Therefore the process of spermatogenesis and the rate of fertility were affected in these individuals.