Cell and Tissue Journal

Abstract Aim: Present study was done to assess the effects of Av gel on some molecular aspects in wound healing process of mouse damaged skin.
Material and Methods: 36 Male mice balb/c were used. Animals were divided into 3 groups; negative control (without wound), sham-operated (wound treated with physiological serum) and experimental (wound treated with Av gel extract). In each group, two equal full-thickness wounds were made on the mice back sides. Experimental group received daily a dose of Av gel extract on the top of wound sites (without bandage) for a period of 16 days. On 8^th and 16^th post wounding day, for the purpose of EGF receptor gene expression evaluation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) , skin and blood serum sampling were done respectively  and data were analyzed by Repeated measures ANOVA at significant level p < 0.05
Results: Av gel extract treatments increased EGF receptor gene expression in the wound area. Wound healing percentage was also increased in experimental groups compared to sham group. It was also found that the amount of LPO end-product in blood sera was reduced to Av treated mice in the end of test.
Conclusion: Av gel extract can induce EGF receptor gene expression in mice damaged skin, and play a pivotal role in wound healing process.

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bisphenoln A on osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells obtained from adult rat.
Material and Methods: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted using the flashing-out method. At the end of the third passage, cells were divided into groups of control and Bisphenol A treated with different doses of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 nM for period of 21 days in the osteogenic media containing 10% of fetal bovine serum. Then rate of Bone matrix mineralization, extracellular calcium deposition, expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin proteins was investigated during the procedure of osteogenesis. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the means difference was considered significant at p

Abstract Aim: The main goal of this research was to prepare three-dimensional matrix of gingival palate tissues and compare the behavior of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and blastema on the scaffolds.
Material and methods: The tissues obtained from gingival surgeries
in periodontal clinic were decellularized using detergents including sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 then after washing and sterilization, were used as scaffold for culturing the rat’s mesenchymal stem cells. The scaffolds were studied by light and electron microscopy before and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of culture. In addition the prepared scaffolds were assembled within the rings of blastema tissues from rabbit^,s pinna. Then the scaffolds were similarly studied by histological techniques after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of culture.
Results: Scanning electron microscopy showed that epithelial matrix and collagen fibers in connective tissue remained intact. In both samples epithelium-like structures were observed. Also in the blastema cells migrating to the scaffolds cell secretion was also observed.
Conclusion: Human gingival matrix can be a suitable scaffold for studying the cell behaviors. More research should be carried out to determine the identity of differentiated cells, which finally can improve our knowledge regarding the cell-matrix interactions.
 

Abstract Aim: In cholestasis changing bile acids and salts and opioids is associated with trauma, fibrosis and necrosis liver tissue. For examination of liver truma advance, this study shows time effects of closing bile duct on rat liver histological changes.
Material and Methods: Cholestasis was induced in male Wistar rats by bilateral ligation of bile duct and cutting. Animals were divided to four groups (Sham, 7, 13 and 21 days after cholestasis). Rats were killed under anesthesia and immediately their livers were dissected. The specimens were processed routinely and were sectioned into 5 microns thickness slices. The sections were stained by Hematoxiline-Eosin (H&E) method and then studied using optical microscope.
Results: Seven days after cholestasis, hepatocyte necrosis and cell disarrangements were observed in liver sections. Thirteen days after cholestasis, necrotic cells were increased and wrinkle chromatic nuclei were seen. Twenty-one days after cholestasis widespread necrosis was seen. Nuclei condensation and bill duct reproduction were observed. Also cell wall disappeared and tissue was out of order.
Conclusion: Data showed that after disease progression and accumulation of bill salts and acids, expansion of necrosis and fibrosis were rapid, and creation of cirrhosis is a good reason for rapid recognition and treatment of the cholestasis.
 
 

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the histomorphometric and immunohistochemical parameters of the repair of femoral bone defect using bone marrow stromal cells on gelatin – chitosan membrane in adult Albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, sixty male Albino wistar adult rats were equally divided into five groups as follows: Control group that received no treatment after bone defect. Sham group that after bone defect, the culture medium was injected locally at the site of defect. Gelatin-chitosan group that membrane was used into bone defect. Cell group that nonautolog BMSCs were injected locally into defect .Cell-GC group that cell transplantation with chitosan - gelatin membrane were used into the bone defect. Results: The mean area of trabeculae in groups of membranes and cells significantly increased when compared to the control group.The mean number of osteocytes and cells in the bone defect in cell group  significantly increased when compared to the control group.No significant difference were found in chitosan - gelatin and sham groups compared to control group but the mean number of osteocytes significantly decreased in BMSCs with gelatin-chitosan scaffold group compared to control group (p < 0.001) Conclusion: BMSC transplantation and gelatin-chitosan scaffold are effective in repair of bone defect. However, the use of BMSCs with gelatin-chitosan scaffold is not effective in repair of  femoral bone defect.

Abstract Aim: Evaluation effects of ZnO nanoparticles on peroxidase activity, gene expression of peroxidase enzyme, proline content and expression of proline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene in L. draba seedlings in compared to the effects of its balk form.
Material and Methods: L. draba seedlings were grown in the presence of different concentrations of these particles for 7 days in fully-random designs with three repetitions; thereafter the mentioned parameters were measured.
 Results: While the peroxidase activity was significantly evaluated in the presence of nano and balk particle in the concentration more than 100 and 50 mg/L respectively, in them, the gene expression level of peroxidase was the same as the control. On the other hand, in the treated seedlings, proline content was significantly increased in accordance to the rising nanoparticle doses in media, while, no significant difference was seen in the P5CS gene expression in different treatments rather than control sample. In the balk treated seedlings, content of this amino acid were significantly increased up to 100 mg/L concentrations and dramatically decreased in the presence of doses more than 250 mg/L in compared to the control sample. Gene expression level of P5CS was the same as the control in the presence of the balk form up to 500 mg/L and significantly decreased at the highest concentration.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that nanoparticle has fewer effects rather than the balk form on the mentioned parameters, which may be due to release less Zn ion in this condition.

Abstract Aim: In this investigation the effect of salt stress on the early developmental stages of dark-grown wheat seedling was studied.
Materials and methods: Grains of the salt tolerant (Seds1) and the susceptible (Giza168) cultivars of wheat were germinated and grown in darkness in nutrient solution supplied with or without 200 mM NaCl. The protochlorophyllide content was determined. The fluorescence emission intensity ratio of 655/633 nm was measured. The ratio of newly formed Chlorophyllide to non-photoactive Pchlide was measured after irradiation of leaf sections with one single flash to estimate the degree of phototransformation. The chlorophyll a content was also determined after dark-grown leaf sections were irradiated.
Results: The salt stress treatment caused a marked increase in protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) content in dark-grown material and in Chlide content after irradiation of leaf sections of both varieties. The relative ratio of phototransformable to non-phototransformable pchlide and of newly formed chlorophyllide (Chlide) was influenced by salt stresse. The results were influenced by the different growth rates found for stressed and unstressed seedlings. Leaf sections from seedlings grown under salt stress in darkness accumulates more chlorophyll a than leaf sections from unstressed seedlings when floating on nutrients or on a 200 mM NaCl solution in continuous white light.
Conclusion: The increased accumulation of the long-wavelength form of Pchlide is suggested to be an expression for the mobilization of a part of the protective mechanisms against salt stress.
 

Abstract Aim: the aim of this study was to examine the effect of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) and shikonin on enhanced survival of dopaminergic neurons PC12 against parkinsonian toxicity.
Material and methods: in order to overexpress GPX-1 in PC12 neurons, recombinant lentiviruses carrying both GPX-1 and reporter GFP genes were generated and used to infect target cells. The survival rate of the transduced neurons in the presence or absence of shikonin was then quantified.
Results: following GFP gene expression observed under the fluorescent microscope, the overexpression of GPX-1 was determined using the RT-PCR analysis. Changes in cell survival against parkinsonian toxicity were examined in the presence of two factors: GPX-1 overexpression and shikonin treatment. The results indicated that both GPX-1 overexpression and shikonin treatment of the PC12 cells increased significantly cell survival against parkinsonian toxicity. Survival increased by 14% after GPX-1 overexpression and by 11% following shikonin treatment. More importantly, when the two factors were applied simultaneously (by shikonin treatment of GPX-1-overexpressing cells) they saved 83% of the neuronal cells that was up by 29%. This increase of survival rate was significant compared to the increase achieved by each factor alone.
 Conclusion: our data showed that GPX-1 gene overexpression and shikonin treatment not only individually increase PC12 cell survival against oxidative stress caused by the parkinonian toxin 6-OHDA, but also will function additively and/ or synergistically if they are applied together.
 

Abstract Aim: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used antineoplasic drugs although it is toxic for different parts of the body like reproductive organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of nano-Zinc oxide on doxorubicin-induced reproductive toxicity.
Material and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided in four groups including one control and three experimental groups. The control group received Saline (i.p). The experimental groups received Doxorubicin (6 mg/kg), nano-Zinc oxide (5 mg/kg) and Doxorubicin following nano-Zinc oxide respectively. Treatment was performed for 3 days. 28 days after treatment, histological changes in testis were assessed.
Results: The DOX group showed disintegrated germinal epithelium, hypoplasia and deformation of cells, and increased interstitial space. Spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoid numbers as well as Leydig cell numbers were reduced. Also Dox increased the number of sloughing tubules while it decreased tubule differentiation index (TDI) and spermiation index (SPI). Nano-Zinc oxide treatment resulted in significant improvement of DOX-induced disorders.
Conclusion: The protective effect of nano-Zinc Oxide is illuminated in DOX-induced male reproductive system toxicity.

Abstract Aim: This study attempts to optimize callus induction and analyze of yeast extract and nano-silver elicitors on phenol/flavonoid content in black cumin under tissue culture conditions.
Material and Methods: The experiment was conducted a factorial design based on CRD with three replications. Factors included: explants (root, hypocotyledon, leaf and Cotyledon), 2, 4-D (1, 2, 4 and 8 Mg/L) and BAP (0.25, 0.5, and 1 Mg/L) in MS base medium. Elictor's including yeast extract (100, 250 and 500 Mg/L) and nano-silver (30, 60 and 90 Mg/L) in two time (3 and 7 days) periods.
Results: The results showed that hypocotyledon explant and interaction effect of BAP (0.25 Mg/L) and 2, 4-D (4 Mg/L) were the most effective on the callus induction percent. Direct regeneration was caused by the root explant and the interaction effect of BAP (0.5 Mg/L) and 2, 4-D (1 Mg/L). The most effective treatment on the total phenol content was yeast extract (250 ppm) in a 7-day period. HPLC for quercetin (a flavonoid component) indicated that the most effective treatment was the interaction effect of nanoAg particles (30 Mg) and yeast extract (250 Mg) in a 3-day period.
Conclusion: The highest amount of callus induction is obtained from the hypocotyledon explants. The best direct regeneration is recorded in the root explants. To increase total phenol, it is necessary to use yeast extracts in a 7-day period and to increase flavonoids using the interaction effect of nano-silver (30 Mg) and yeast extract (250 Mg) over a 3-day period.
 

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether varicocele can cause   any changes in number and size of ovarian follicles.
Materials and methods: In this study, 30 adult female Wistar albino rats in 3 groups (n=10) consisting of: 1. control, 2. Sham and 3. varicocele are prepared. Varicocele group were operated and left ovarian vein was respectively closed. After 2 months the animal scarified and the ovaries taken for histological process. Statistical analysis was performed using the one way ANOVA and Turkey’s tests were used for post hoc multiple comparisons, was considered statistically significant.
Results: There is no significant differences in rat and ovary weights before and after varicose induction between groups. The number of primordial follicles in varicocele group increased significantly. The number of primary, secondary and graffian follicles in varicocele group decreased significantly. The size of secondary follicles in varicocele group decreased significantly (p < /em><0.05).
Conclusions:  Finally the results of this study shows that varicocele may lead to increased female infertility through various factors, which includes changes in follicular growth.

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the negative effects of different doses of silvernanoparticles on fertility potential, chromatin structureand DNA integrity of epididymal sperm in mice.
Material and Methods: Twenty four male mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6) including one control and three experimental groups for orally administration of silver nanoparticles with three different doses (50, 100 and 200 μl/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Then, cauda epididymal spermatozoa were aspirated for analysis of sperm parameters using general microscopy methods and according to WHO criteria. Chromatin condensation, intensity of sperm chromatin abnormalities and protamine deficiency were assessed by three different cytochemical tests including aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB) and chromomycin A3 (CMA3) tests respectively.
Results: Results showed that third group (treated with the highest silvernanoparticles dose), had the lowest sperm number, the lowest of sperm fast motility percentage and the lowest sperm percentage having normal morphology significantly in comparison with control and others groups. The II and III groups significantly showed differences in sperm chromatin condensation and deficiency comparing to other groups.
Conclusion: In this study the negative effect of silver nanoparticles on mice sperm parameters, sperm chromatin structure and DNA integrity were observed. It is believed that the negative effects of silver nanoparticles on sperm quality are significant and depend on used doses.
 

Abstract Aim: This study was aimed to preparation of sheep urinary bladder derived from biological scaffold by a combined (physical and chemical) method and evaluation of scaffold biocompatibility.
 Materials and Methods: Urinary bladder decellularization was performed by physical and chemical methods. In the physical method, the bladder fragments were incubated at -4 °C for 24 h and intervaled the fragments each 6 h by placing for 10 min in 0.1% sodium azide solution. After 24 h, the samples were placed at -20 and -40 °C for 2 and 1 h, respectively. The bladder fragments were held in a cryotube and emerged in liquid nitrogen by five two-minute steps, and finally washed by the PBS buffer containing 0.1% sodium azide. In the chemical decellularization, all of the physically treated bladder fragments were placed in a sodium dodecyl sulphate solution under slow stirring for 24 h. The samples were rinsed with sterile distilled water, sterilized with 75% ethanol and 0.2% peracetic acid and finally were placed in PBS for 24 h.
Results: The light and electron microscopey studies revealed the biocompatibility of seeded stem cells on the sheep bladder bioscaffold, in 3rd, 5th and 7th days. The most biocompatibility was observed in the end of 7th day.
Conclusion: Decellularized urinary bladder scaffold revealed biocompatibility which could be considered as a potential nontoxic and biocompatible bioscaffold for application in tissue engineering regenerative medicine.
 

Abstract Aim: Since induction of apoptosis is an important strategy in cancer treatment, many attempts are in program to find new apoptotic inducer agents. Hence, ether soluble metabolites from Iranian native bacteria, Streptomyces sp. ABRIINW 111, were isolated and anti-cancer activity of these metabolites was studied using human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells.
 Materials and methods: K562 cells were treated by various concentrations of these metabolites for 12- 72 h. Trypan blue exclusion test and DNA fragmentation assay were used to study growth inhibition and apoptosis occurrence, respectively.
Results: Ether soluble metabolites induced growth inhibition in K562 cells in a concentration- and time- dependent manner. IC50 values after 24 and 48 h treatment were 1000 and 400 ng/ml, respectively. Moreover, these metabolites caused significant decrease in K562 cells viability              (P < 0.05). Light microscopy and DNA fragmentation assay results showed apoptosis induction in treated cell.
Conclusion: According to apoptosis deficient and drug resistance in cancer cells, identification of new apoptosis inducers such as ether soluble metabolites could be helpful in more investigations in cancer treatment.
 

Abstract Aim: One of main challenges in worldwide is increasing rate of depression and sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant drug consumption. Regarding the role of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis, this study investigated the effect of duloxetine on viability, apoptosis and expression of Bax and Cx43 (Connexin 43) expression in Sertoli cells.
Material and Methods: TM4 Sertoli cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 2.5% FBS, 5% horse serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Cells were treated with different doses of duloxetine (3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 µg/ml) for 24 to 72 hours. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. The rate of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate of Bax (proapoptotic gene) and Cx43 (essential for spermatogenesis) genes.
Results: Duloxetine reduced cell survival in a dose and time-dependent manner. On the basis of

Abstract Aim: In this study, the effects of NaCl on seed germination leaf and stem anatomy and growth parameters were investigated in 10 and 60 days-old of Salsola arbuscula species.
Material and Methods: The species seeds were cultivated in WA (0, 100, 200, 250, 300 mM NaCl), and MS (0, 100, 200, 250, 300, 350 mM NaCl) in vitro media. Then 10 and 60 days-old plants were used for studying seed germination and growth parameters. In addition to leaf anatomy of 60 days-old plants in MS (0, 100, 200, 250, 300, 350 mM NaCl) and after recovery in MS (300, 350, 400 mM NaCl), germination percentages were also investigated.
Results: Results showed decline in germination percentage and ability of recovery in germination percentage. Also growth and anatomical parameters showed wide varieties in 10 and 60 days-old plants with increasing NaCl concentration.
Conclusion: S .arbuscula is a halophytic plant that shows a better growth in low concentration of NaCl than control. Also the species protects its water content along the stress condition on the contrary glocophytes and has germinating ability. These characters help to survival of the species.
 

Abstract Aim: In current study, we aimed to reduce Cdc42 gene expression in lung carcinoma related cells, Calu-6, and assayed its effect on cell proliferation.
 Material and Methods: To reduce the expression of Cdc42 gene shRNA system was used and lentiviral system was selected to deliver Cdc42 specific shRNA to Calu-6 cells. Recombinant lentiviruses produced by co-transfection of pMD2G, psPAX2 and p-GFP-C-shLenti plasmids into 293T cells using lipofectamin. Efficiency of transfection and transduction assessed by florescent microscopy. Viability of cells treated by recombinant lentiviruses assessed by MTT assay.
 Results: florescent microscopy showed 80% transfection of 293T cells and high rate of Calu-6 cells transduction. MTT assay results revealed that viability of transduced Calu-6 cells reached to %58 and %40 in compare to control and negative control cells, respectively.
Conclusion: recombinant lentiviruses properly transfer Cdc42-shRNA into Calu-6 cells, leading to reduction of cell proliferation. Silencing of Cdc42 gene expression using lentiviruses is persist and long-term effect which can be under attention for gene therapy of lung cancer.
 

Abstract Aim: The main goal of this study is to determine optimum conditions for mouse 2-celled and 4-celled single blastomeres for high-qualified development into a blastocyst and the production of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from these blastocysts without the presence of feeder cells.
Material and methods: At first step, 2 and 4-celled embryos were collected from oviducts. Blastomeres were isolated and cultured in 1 and 5µl of medium in the conditions single, group and with intact embryos. Then, the resultant blastocysts were cultured on gelatin-coated dishes for ESCs production. The expression of specific markers for both blastocysts and ESCs were analyzed with immunocytochemistry and PCR.
Results: The results revealed that the volume 1µl was better than 5µl and co-culture with embryos and group culture significantly better supported blastocyst development than single culture. Based on Oct4 expression in the ICM of blastocysts, cell count was performed and also showed significant increase in blastocyst quality. We also demonstrated that 4-celled blastomeres not only have heterogeneity in the potential of development among them, but also have lower potential than 2-celled blastomeres. Finally, it was also shown that, single culture derived-blastocysts could generate embryonic stem cells in the specific medium and these cells showed the differentiation potential into different cells.
Conclusion: The method of the present study for the evaluation of single blastomeres developmental potential and the production of ESCs can be used for other species. The production of ESCs without feeder cells in human is an important and big challenge.
 

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of key genes, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase )DXR( and gamma-terpinene synthase (GTS), involve in thymol and carvacrol biosynthesis pathway in Summer savory (Satureja hortensis). This species is one of the important medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family, and consider as an important source of the mentioned compounds.
Material and Methods: Plants were treated with salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate and UV-B rays. RNAs were extracted from control and treated plants and cDNAs were synthesized. Primers were designed for gene isolation and expression studies. Transcript expression analyses for the DXR and GTS were performed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.
Results: A partial segment for DXR and GTS genes was sequenced. The relative gene expression analyses showed differential expression of both genes at transcript level in different tissues (roots, stems, leaves and inflorescence), with higher levels of expression in leaf and inflorescence. The expression of both genes under the effect of abiotic elicitors including salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate and UV-B rays exhibited significant alteration.
Conclusion: Under controlled conditions, using abiotic elicitors such as: salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate and UV-B radiation could elevate the level of gene expression and possibly increase the production of secondary metabolite such as: thymol and carvacrol.

Abstract Aim: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative medicine used to improve motility of human spermatozoa in-vitro. It is commonly used in treatment of male-factor infertility, including asthenozoospermia. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on human sperm parameters and DNA integrity from asthenozoospermic problem.
Material and methods: A total of 38 infertile men with asthenozoospermia were allocated in this experimental study.  Specimens were randomly divided into experimental group treated with 3.6 mM PTX, and control group. All samples were incubated at 37˚ C for 45 min. Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were measured using sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test.
Results: PTX improved sperm motility, significantly, compared to the control (85.76±5.96 Vs 79.44±9.37, respectively, p < .01). There was also a significant decrease in sperm viability in the PTX- treated group in comparison to controls (87.7±8.3 Vs 83.5±9, respectively, p < .01). In addition, sperm DNA fragmentation was higher in PTX-treated group compared to control (23.36±10.25 and 18.5±8.74, respectively, p < .0001).
Conclusion: PTX might have some negative impact(s) on sperm DNA quality, although it has improved the sperm motility. Further studies are needed to elucidate the safety of PTX treatments in ART clinics.

Abstract Aim: Previous studies using LOH technique on BDII rats showed four distinct Allelic imbalance on chromosome 15. In this research we have studied region 2 including Allelic imbalance by bioinformatic approachs and FISH (Florescence in situ hybridization) technique.
Material and Methods: The  confirmed tumors by an expert pathologist were used for cell culture. Metaphase chromosomes were prepared by conventional methods. The corresponding genes labeled probe for hybridization was poured onto slides. The labeled probe was then subjected to detected phase. Slides were studied under a fluorescence microscope using software CW4000 Laica.
Results: Using some of the database we could register 104 genes. But most of them did not have a clear function. According of FISH results, Dlgap5, Fermt2 and Socs4 had amplification and Lgals3 had copy number reduction.
Conclusion: according to our results, the Dlgap5 and Socs4 are probably involve in EAC

Abstract Aim: Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal inflammatory diseases. The function of appendix is not clearly defined. In this study to understand the immunological function of the appendix, we investigated the function and phenotypic pattern of lymphocyte in appendix of patients with normal and inflamed appendix tissue.
Material and Methods: Appendix tissue and appendiceal mononuclear cells obtained from 81 patients (mean age; 23±10.5), who was clinicallysuspected of having appendicitis were collected. Based on histopathological examination, twenty-five patients had normal appendix while 40 and 16 were diagnosed with suppurative and gangrene appendicitis, respectively. The phenotypic characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in appendix was analyzed using three color-flow cytometry. In addition, the proliferative response of tissue mononuclear cells was assayed by MTT method.
Results: A significant difference (p < 0. 01) was observed  in the percentage of CD19/HLA-DR, HLA-DR and CD19 cellsfrom patients suffering from suppurative appendicitis in comparison with the patients having normal appendix or gangrene one.  There was also a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the proliferative responses of the appendiceal mononuclear cells to PHA and LPS from pathients with suppurative appendicitis when compare with other groups.
Conclusion: The phenotypic and function of lymphocytes are different between normal and inflamed appendix tissue. These results showed that the appendix tissue with special lymphocyte profile may be effective in preventing or reducing intestinal infections.
 

Abstract -
Aim:In this study, the effect of insulin was investigated in induction of drug resistance to doxorubicin in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Material and method: MCF-7 cells were pretreated with 10 nM insulin for 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Then, different doses of doxorubicin (1, 5 and 10 μM) were added for an additional 24 hours and cell viability was determined by MTT assay.
Results: Doxorubicin had antitumor effects by reducing the cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. However, the addition of 10 μM doxorubicin in the insulin-treated cells for 72 hours induced significant drug resistance (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: The results revealed that insulin could significantly cause the doxorubicin resistance in a time-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells.
 

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is investigation of cell toxicity of oxaliplatin on colon cancer cell line and analysis of caspase 3 and 9 apoptotic genes.
Material and methods: In this experimental study, cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin on colon cancer cell line (HT29) was evaluated using MTT method in different concentrations including 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 µg/mL and the IC50 value was determined. After treatment of HT29 cells with IC50 value, the cells RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. Subsequently, the expression level of caspase 3 and caspase 9 apoptotic genes comparing to house-keeping gene (β-actin) was measured using Real Time PCR.
Results: Treatment of HT29 cells with various concentrations of oxaliplatin including show that oxaliplatin has the highest cytotoxic effect in 100 µg/mL, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition to, the IC50 value of oxaliplatin was 6 µg/mL. Moreover, the expression ratio of caspase 3 and 9 genes comparing to β-actin gene in HT29 cells treated with oxaliplatin were up-regulated (2.69±0.72 (p < 0.001), 3.26±0.56 (p < 0.001), respectively).  
Conclusion: According to cell toxicity and apoptosis induction in HT29 cells by oxaliplatin, it can be concluded that this drug is an appropriate choice for treating of colon cancer.
 

Abstract Aim: In vitro investigation of hydroethanolic extraction of Cirsium vulgare on growth rates of neonate rat neural stem cells. Material and Methods: Neural stem cells were isolated from hippocampus of neonatal rat brain. To determine optimal concentration of Cirsium vulgare extraction, isolated neural stem cells were treated with 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 µg/ml for 48 h and then cells proliferation rate were evaluated by MTT assay. In addition Sox2 mRNA expression in neural stem cells was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The results of this study showed that the Cirsium vulgare extract caused significant increase in cell proliferative activity and Sox2 mRNA expression when compared with the control group. Conclusion: with respect to the effect of Cirsium vulgare extract on the proliferation rate of neural stem cells, the use of hydroethanolic extraction of Cirsium vulgare can be used for clinical purposes to treat some of the neurodegenerative disorders such as ischemic stroke and spinal cord injury.